Superior Facts
Title
Superior facts (p. 1)
Description
[page 1]
[corresponds to front cover of Superior Facts booklet]
SUPERIOR FACTS
THE PAPER MAKERS CHEMICAL CORPORATION
AND ASSOCIATES
Copyright Paper Makers Chemical Corporation, 1930
RALPH M. SNELL, Editor
VOL. 4 SEPTEMBER, 1930, NUMBER No.3
Paper Making in Delaware County, Ohio
[photo: Old dam and mill site, Stratford, Ohio]
STRATFORD, a
scenic spot on the
Olentangy River in
Delaware County,
Ohio, was once a thriving
paper mill village. Today
only shrub and vine
covered ruins of the old
mills and dam remain to
hint of its former paper
making activities. While
Stratford does not re-
semble that more famous
English Stratford-on-
Avon, for which it was
named, in natural beauty
the Ohio Stratford does
not suffer by comparison.
The earliest commercial
references obtainable state that a grist mill was built in Stratford about 1808.
The builder's name is not mentioned, but the record reveals that the property
eventually was purchased by Forrest Meeker. He rebuilt and enlarged the mill
in 1829 making of it a substantial structure of stone, and adding facilities for
carding and fulling wool. The first deed mentioning it as a mill property was
recorded August 15, 1832. This deed conveying the property from Forrest
Meeker to Forrest Meeker, Jr., for a price of $4,000.00. Samuel Lantz next pur-
chased the property at the same price, October 17, 1836, and he in turn sold it to
Hosea Williams and Caleb Howard for $5,500.00, June 5, 1838, describing it in
the deed as the Meeker Mill property.
A Delaware County history written in 1880 by W.H. Perrin and J.W.
Battle, gives the following account of the first paper mill on this property:
"Sometime in the early thirties Caleb Howard, an enterprising, speculative
sort of a man conceived the idea of establishing a paper mill at what is now
Stratford, and succeeded in interesting Judge Hosea Williams, a safe, cautious
business man in the project. (Judge Hosea Williams came of Welch parentage.
He was born in Berkshire County, Mass., August 3, 1792, was educated, and
clerked in a general store in Pittsfield, Mass. He came to Delaware County with
his parents in 1817. He died February 12, 1876.)
"In the Spring of 1838 the old flouring mill, with the mill privileges and
property, were bought, the old dam replaced by a splendid stone structure and a
paper mill put in operation October 1, 1839. John Hoyt was the first superin-
tendent. He gave the classic name of Stratford to the place. On October
[corresponds to front cover of Superior Facts booklet]
SUPERIOR FACTS
THE PAPER MAKERS CHEMICAL CORPORATION
AND ASSOCIATES
Copyright Paper Makers Chemical Corporation, 1930
RALPH M. SNELL, Editor
VOL. 4 SEPTEMBER, 1930, NUMBER No.3
Paper Making in Delaware County, Ohio
[photo: Old dam and mill site, Stratford, Ohio]
STRATFORD, a
scenic spot on the
Olentangy River in
Delaware County,
Ohio, was once a thriving
paper mill village. Today
only shrub and vine
covered ruins of the old
mills and dam remain to
hint of its former paper
making activities. While
Stratford does not re-
semble that more famous
English Stratford-on-
Avon, for which it was
named, in natural beauty
the Ohio Stratford does
not suffer by comparison.
The earliest commercial
references obtainable state that a grist mill was built in Stratford about 1808.
The builder's name is not mentioned, but the record reveals that the property
eventually was purchased by Forrest Meeker. He rebuilt and enlarged the mill
in 1829 making of it a substantial structure of stone, and adding facilities for
carding and fulling wool. The first deed mentioning it as a mill property was
recorded August 15, 1832. This deed conveying the property from Forrest
Meeker to Forrest Meeker, Jr., for a price of $4,000.00. Samuel Lantz next pur-
chased the property at the same price, October 17, 1836, and he in turn sold it to
Hosea Williams and Caleb Howard for $5,500.00, June 5, 1838, describing it in
the deed as the Meeker Mill property.
A Delaware County history written in 1880 by W.H. Perrin and J.W.
Battle, gives the following account of the first paper mill on this property:
"Sometime in the early thirties Caleb Howard, an enterprising, speculative
sort of a man conceived the idea of establishing a paper mill at what is now
Stratford, and succeeded in interesting Judge Hosea Williams, a safe, cautious
business man in the project. (Judge Hosea Williams came of Welch parentage.
He was born in Berkshire County, Mass., August 3, 1792, was educated, and
clerked in a general store in Pittsfield, Mass. He came to Delaware County with
his parents in 1817. He died February 12, 1876.)
"In the Spring of 1838 the old flouring mill, with the mill privileges and
property, were bought, the old dam replaced by a splendid stone structure and a
paper mill put in operation October 1, 1839. John Hoyt was the first superin-
tendent. He gave the classic name of Stratford to the place. On October
Title
Superior facts (p. 2)
Description
[page 2]
SUPERIOR FACTS 2
30, 1840, a fire badly
damaged the mill. In
three months it was re-
paired and improved."
[photo: Delaware Mill, Stratford, Ohio]
LIST OF PEOPLE IN PICTURE:
Artie Benson, William Cunningham, George Comode, Cora
Price, Frank Price, James Price, Joshua Stickney, Joe
Swartz, Jake Sherer, Davie Bauder, Abe Swartz, Enoch
Shelly, Vance Jaycox, Atwood Smith, Henry Sherer,
Frank Jaycox, John Jaycox, Albert Johnson, James
Osborn, Com Allen, William Osborn, Henry S. Breyfogle,
George Osborn, Jacob Allen, Edgar Anderson, Joe Wood,
Gib Harrington, Henry Heidman, Harvey Anderson,
Walter Osborn, L.H. Breyfogle, Dick Corbin, Charlie
Allen, James Allen, Captain E.M. Eastman, Mary Stew-
ard, Mary Pierce, Mary McClure.
Hiram G. Andrews, a
Delaware merchant, who
was born in Franklin
County, Ohio, July, 1813,
purchased half of Caleb
Howard's holdings in the
mill property for $9,000,
on September 5, 1843, and
the balance, for $10,000,
on April 25, 1845--in all,
a five-twelfths interest in
the business. In 1849 the
old flouring mill was
fitted for the manufac-
ture of half a ton of
wrapping paper daily.
About ten men were em-
ployed.
On February 27, 1857,
the entire plant was
burned with a loss of
$25,000, the insurance not
exceeding $10,000. In
November, 1857, a two-
story stone building about
50x80 feet, with several additions was built at a cost of about $30,000. By this
time the mill was recognized as the most important paper mill west of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. At the time of the fire the firm had accounts of $10,000 due
from the State, and in 1861 they had a large contract with the State which, owing
to the unforeseen and extraordinary rise in the paper market, they were compelled to
ask to have rescinded. The main mill manufactured print and book papers
and the one on the site of the old flouring mill furnished wrapping paper. An
Artesian well sunk 210 feet through solid rock furnished water for purifying
purposes. Steam furnished power during low stages of water.
ANDREWS AND PERRY COMPANY
Wishing to retire from the business Hiram G. Andrews, on June 10, 1865
deeded "for $5.00 and love and affection" his five-twelfths interest in the business
to his son James. James Andrews then purchased a one-twelfth interest from
Hosea Williams for $2,000. Norman D. Perry, who was superintendant of the
mill, also purchased a one-twelfth interest from Williams for $2,000, and the
mill was operated as the Andrews and Perry Company.
In the late sixties, Abraham Dewitt and his brother-in-law, a Mr. Brown, with
his son operated the mill possibly by lease, as there is no record of ownership.
There is also mention of Abraham and Isaac Vought, who were related by mar-
riage to Perry, having been interested in some way. On August 25, 1870, John H.
Mendenhall, a successful Delaware merchant, purchased the half interest of James
Andrews for $20,000, and the name of the concern was changed to the Delaware
Paper Company.
DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY
The first edition of Lockwood's Paper Mill Directory, 1872, lists the mill as
having one 42" and one 48" cylinder machines making newsprint, book, tea wrap-
per and tissue papers in one mill and straw wrapping in the other. The business
evidently was prosperous for Mr. Mendenhall purchased another mill at this time
in Henry, Ill., on the Illinois River. This Mill made a ton of newsprint daily on a
54-inch cylinder machine. Associated with Mr. Mendenhall were two sons of his
Stratford partners, Hiram R. Andrews and Albert Perry. These young
men managed the Henry mill. In 1873 and 1874 Norman D. Perry, Jacob
L. Klein and Andrew J. Clark purchased small interests in the Stratford
mill. On August 1, 1874, Andrews sold his interest in the Henry mill to Isaac
SUPERIOR FACTS 2
30, 1840, a fire badly
damaged the mill. In
three months it was re-
paired and improved."
[photo: Delaware Mill, Stratford, Ohio]
LIST OF PEOPLE IN PICTURE:
Artie Benson, William Cunningham, George Comode, Cora
Price, Frank Price, James Price, Joshua Stickney, Joe
Swartz, Jake Sherer, Davie Bauder, Abe Swartz, Enoch
Shelly, Vance Jaycox, Atwood Smith, Henry Sherer,
Frank Jaycox, John Jaycox, Albert Johnson, James
Osborn, Com Allen, William Osborn, Henry S. Breyfogle,
George Osborn, Jacob Allen, Edgar Anderson, Joe Wood,
Gib Harrington, Henry Heidman, Harvey Anderson,
Walter Osborn, L.H. Breyfogle, Dick Corbin, Charlie
Allen, James Allen, Captain E.M. Eastman, Mary Stew-
ard, Mary Pierce, Mary McClure.
Hiram G. Andrews, a
Delaware merchant, who
was born in Franklin
County, Ohio, July, 1813,
purchased half of Caleb
Howard's holdings in the
mill property for $9,000,
on September 5, 1843, and
the balance, for $10,000,
on April 25, 1845--in all,
a five-twelfths interest in
the business. In 1849 the
old flouring mill was
fitted for the manufac-
ture of half a ton of
wrapping paper daily.
About ten men were em-
ployed.
On February 27, 1857,
the entire plant was
burned with a loss of
$25,000, the insurance not
exceeding $10,000. In
November, 1857, a two-
story stone building about
50x80 feet, with several additions was built at a cost of about $30,000. By this
time the mill was recognized as the most important paper mill west of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. At the time of the fire the firm had accounts of $10,000 due
from the State, and in 1861 they had a large contract with the State which, owing
to the unforeseen and extraordinary rise in the paper market, they were compelled to
ask to have rescinded. The main mill manufactured print and book papers
and the one on the site of the old flouring mill furnished wrapping paper. An
Artesian well sunk 210 feet through solid rock furnished water for purifying
purposes. Steam furnished power during low stages of water.
ANDREWS AND PERRY COMPANY
Wishing to retire from the business Hiram G. Andrews, on June 10, 1865
deeded "for $5.00 and love and affection" his five-twelfths interest in the business
to his son James. James Andrews then purchased a one-twelfth interest from
Hosea Williams for $2,000. Norman D. Perry, who was superintendant of the
mill, also purchased a one-twelfth interest from Williams for $2,000, and the
mill was operated as the Andrews and Perry Company.
In the late sixties, Abraham Dewitt and his brother-in-law, a Mr. Brown, with
his son operated the mill possibly by lease, as there is no record of ownership.
There is also mention of Abraham and Isaac Vought, who were related by mar-
riage to Perry, having been interested in some way. On August 25, 1870, John H.
Mendenhall, a successful Delaware merchant, purchased the half interest of James
Andrews for $20,000, and the name of the concern was changed to the Delaware
Paper Company.
DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY
The first edition of Lockwood's Paper Mill Directory, 1872, lists the mill as
having one 42" and one 48" cylinder machines making newsprint, book, tea wrap-
per and tissue papers in one mill and straw wrapping in the other. The business
evidently was prosperous for Mr. Mendenhall purchased another mill at this time
in Henry, Ill., on the Illinois River. This Mill made a ton of newsprint daily on a
54-inch cylinder machine. Associated with Mr. Mendenhall were two sons of his
Stratford partners, Hiram R. Andrews and Albert Perry. These young
men managed the Henry mill. In 1873 and 1874 Norman D. Perry, Jacob
L. Klein and Andrew J. Clark purchased small interests in the Stratford
mill. On August 1, 1874, Andrews sold his interest in the Henry mill to Isaac
Title
Superior facts (p. 3)
Description
[page 3]
SUPERIOR FACTS 3
Vought, of Stratford. Shortly after, the Henry mill burned. Unfortunately the
insurance had been allowed to lapse and Mr. Mendenhall was a heavy loser. He
was obliged to pay indorsed notes held against the company. The Stratford mills
were operated as a partnership and Mr. Mendenhall, being a man of means, was
held for its obligations. An assignment was made by Perry, Klein and Clark for
the benefit of the creditors. The assets were not sufficient to meet the claims of
the creditors. Mr. Mendenhall's claim was a personal one for notes given when
he sold his stock. Those loses practically ruined him financially, and coupled with
a general business depression the mills suffered accordingly. Lack of orders
and run-down equipment made operating expensive. Operations were finally sus-
pended in 1876. The organization was bankrupt and an assignment was made by
Perry, Klein, and Clark on behalf of the creditors. After a hard fight by Mr.
Mendenhall the courts established a value of $36,540 on the property. About this
time the Hill Brothers, Frank A. and Fred P., successful farmers and stock
raisers of Delaware County, and grandsons of Hosea Williams, one of the
original owners of the mill, were anxious to reopen the mill. They obtained the
property at the court sale on April 10, 1877. With them in the enterprise were
their father, Chauncy Hill, and a nephew, Velorus T. Hill.
THE HILLS PAPER COMPANY
This new organization operated the mills under the management of Fred P.
Hills. Frank A. Hills was in charge of manufacturing, but having no working
knowledge of the business he was obliged
in 1879, to secure the services of Solomon
Wagg as superintendent. Mr. Wagg had
been running a machine at the L.L.
Brown Mill of North Adams, Mass. Mr.
Wagg soon left Stratford to run the mill
at Woodsville, Ohio, William Osborn
succeeding him. Mr. Osborn also came
from the L.L. Brown Mill.
The Hills were not successful as paper
manufacturers and sold the mill on March
13, 1882. Joshua R. Randall of Elkhart,
Ind., a paper salesman with some prac-
tical knowledge of papermaking, induced
Charles W. Edsell, and Nelson W. Mills,
merchants of Ostego, Michigan, to invest
with him. They formed a partnership
known as Randall-Mills and Edsell.
[photo: Another view of Stratford Mill Hills Paper Co.]
RANDALL-MILLS & EDSELL
The new owners took over the mills, Mr. Randall acting as manager and
superintendent. Matters went poorly and Mr. Edsell moved to Delaware and
took over the mill management. Adam Glass, a salesman of Buffalo, N.Y.,
joined him and together they purchased the interests of Randall and Mills.
GLASS-EDSELL PAPER COMPANY
The property was sold for $60,000 to the Glass-Edsell paper Company, Incor-
porated, December 18, 1884, the incorporators being Adam Glass, Charles W. Ed-
sell, Amasa Burch, Edward Fowler and William Corner. Mr. Corner, or Connor
as some of the records give it, was superintendent. Many improvements were
made. A mile spur track was built off the Hocking Valley Railraod to the mill,
eliminating the three-mile trucking to and from Delaware. In 1884 they installed
a 60-inch Black and Clawson Fourdrinier machine and in 1885 a second 48-inch
Fourdrinier was installed, replacing the clylinder machines. Owing to lack of
power for competitive production the buisness again proved unprofitable and re-
sulted in a total loss to the stockholders. An assignment was made on December 7,
1893.
THE DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY
This company was incorporated February 24, 1894, and started to make straw
wrapper on the two Fourdriniers, but soon changed them over to cylinder ma-
chines. Lockwood's 1894 Directory lists the mill as having one 12,000 lb., three
SUPERIOR FACTS 3
Vought, of Stratford. Shortly after, the Henry mill burned. Unfortunately the
insurance had been allowed to lapse and Mr. Mendenhall was a heavy loser. He
was obliged to pay indorsed notes held against the company. The Stratford mills
were operated as a partnership and Mr. Mendenhall, being a man of means, was
held for its obligations. An assignment was made by Perry, Klein and Clark for
the benefit of the creditors. The assets were not sufficient to meet the claims of
the creditors. Mr. Mendenhall's claim was a personal one for notes given when
he sold his stock. Those loses practically ruined him financially, and coupled with
a general business depression the mills suffered accordingly. Lack of orders
and run-down equipment made operating expensive. Operations were finally sus-
pended in 1876. The organization was bankrupt and an assignment was made by
Perry, Klein, and Clark on behalf of the creditors. After a hard fight by Mr.
Mendenhall the courts established a value of $36,540 on the property. About this
time the Hill Brothers, Frank A. and Fred P., successful farmers and stock
raisers of Delaware County, and grandsons of Hosea Williams, one of the
original owners of the mill, were anxious to reopen the mill. They obtained the
property at the court sale on April 10, 1877. With them in the enterprise were
their father, Chauncy Hill, and a nephew, Velorus T. Hill.
THE HILLS PAPER COMPANY
This new organization operated the mills under the management of Fred P.
Hills. Frank A. Hills was in charge of manufacturing, but having no working
knowledge of the business he was obliged
in 1879, to secure the services of Solomon
Wagg as superintendent. Mr. Wagg had
been running a machine at the L.L.
Brown Mill of North Adams, Mass. Mr.
Wagg soon left Stratford to run the mill
at Woodsville, Ohio, William Osborn
succeeding him. Mr. Osborn also came
from the L.L. Brown Mill.
The Hills were not successful as paper
manufacturers and sold the mill on March
13, 1882. Joshua R. Randall of Elkhart,
Ind., a paper salesman with some prac-
tical knowledge of papermaking, induced
Charles W. Edsell, and Nelson W. Mills,
merchants of Ostego, Michigan, to invest
with him. They formed a partnership
known as Randall-Mills and Edsell.
[photo: Another view of Stratford Mill Hills Paper Co.]
RANDALL-MILLS & EDSELL
The new owners took over the mills, Mr. Randall acting as manager and
superintendent. Matters went poorly and Mr. Edsell moved to Delaware and
took over the mill management. Adam Glass, a salesman of Buffalo, N.Y.,
joined him and together they purchased the interests of Randall and Mills.
GLASS-EDSELL PAPER COMPANY
The property was sold for $60,000 to the Glass-Edsell paper Company, Incor-
porated, December 18, 1884, the incorporators being Adam Glass, Charles W. Ed-
sell, Amasa Burch, Edward Fowler and William Corner. Mr. Corner, or Connor
as some of the records give it, was superintendent. Many improvements were
made. A mile spur track was built off the Hocking Valley Railraod to the mill,
eliminating the three-mile trucking to and from Delaware. In 1884 they installed
a 60-inch Black and Clawson Fourdrinier machine and in 1885 a second 48-inch
Fourdrinier was installed, replacing the clylinder machines. Owing to lack of
power for competitive production the buisness again proved unprofitable and re-
sulted in a total loss to the stockholders. An assignment was made on December 7,
1893.
THE DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY
This company was incorporated February 24, 1894, and started to make straw
wrapper on the two Fourdriniers, but soon changed them over to cylinder ma-
chines. Lockwood's 1894 Directory lists the mill as having one 12,000 lb., three
Title
Superior facts (p. 4)
Description
[page 4]
SUPERIOR FACTS 4
800 lb., one 400 lb. and one Hoyt engine; one 62 inch and one 44 inch cylinder
machines making 16,000 lbs. of straw wrapper in twenty-four hours. Julius
Cohn, president and Max H. Lowenstein, secretary and treasurer.
STRATFORD PAPER MILLS--WESTCOTT AND SCANLON
Robert Scanlon operated the mill in 1897 and 1898 as the Stratfrod Paper
Mills, making straw-rag and manilla lining paper. The Stratford Mills were
succeeded in 1899 by Westcott and Scanlon, operated a short time and closed
permanently. A success was never again made of the mills. The machinery was
sold to Seromlin and Westcott and Herbert Peck purchased the real estate for
$2,000, according to records, February 11, 1899. Herman Reidel was the last
superintendent to operate the mill.
In 1900 Robert Scanlon was active in organizing the Brownstown Straw Board
Paper Company, who purchased the two machines in the Stratford mill, equipping
a mill at Brownstown, Ind, now the Kieffer Paper Company, where these original
machines are still in operation.
In 1902 the Columbus, Delaware, and Marion Electric Railroad Company pur-
chased the Stratford Mill property and converted the buildings into a carbarn
and repair shops. On December 15, 1927, the buildings were totally destroyed by
fire and never rebuilt.
The big flood of 1913 destroyed the waterpower and as there is not the volume
of water that formerly flowed through Olentangy River, there is little possibility
that this will ever be developed again for power or manufacturing purposes.
Of the people formerly associated with these mills, Charles W. Edsell, after
failing to make good at paper making, returned to Otsego where he has been very
successful as a real estate operator. He is in good health and with his wife cele-
brated their fifty-first weddng anniversary in Florida last winter.
Fred Palmer Hills, former manager of the mill, is now associated with the
Delaware Savings Bank. James Price, an old time employee, is living retired at
Stratford. Geo. Hesser, former superintendent of the Riverside Paper Company,
Appleton, Wis., but now retired was once a machine tender at Stratford. Harman
Breyfogle, the first backtender on "The big 60-inch Fourdrinier" is now living at
White Pigeon, Mich. Herbert A. Breyfogle, a former cutter boy at the Stratford
Mill, now has an M.D. added to his name and is a successful physician of Kansas
City, Mo.
Roy Breyfogle, son of Harman Breyfogle, who also started at the Stratford
mill is now superintendent of the Eddy Paper Company at White Pigeon, Mich.,
and Charles McClellan, former Stratford machine tender is now superintendent
of the Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Company, of Kalamazoo, Mich.
Our thanks and credit for much information in the foreging history are
tendered to Bert White, Recorder of Delaware County, O.; Miss Della Weiser,
Librarian, Delaware Public Library; C.C. Moyer, of the Columbus, Delaware
and Marion Electric Railroad; Charles Edsell, Otsego, N.Y.; and E.S. Menden-
hall, son of John H. Mendenhall, who has an abstract office in Delaware.--Editor.
Chain, Chain, Who Made the Chain ?
In July Number of Superior Facts we told how Lime Rock, Conn., forges
were said to have produced the chain that was stretched across the Hudson
River in Revolutionary days to prevent British warships from reaching West
Point.
George Gammie, assistant superintendent of the Rolalnd Paper Company, St.
Jerome Quebec, tells us that while he was superintendent at a mill in Moodna,
N.Y., he heard similar claims for the forge at Moodna.
Since publishing the Lime Rock item we have heard similar claims of forges
in Saratoga and Columbia Counties, N.Y. From what we learn this famous
chain was hurriedly put together and every available forge was pressed into the
service of making portions of it for the emergency.
We will be pleased to receive and publish any definite facts regarding the
actual making of this chain from our readers.--Editor.
SUPERIOR FACTS 4
800 lb., one 400 lb. and one Hoyt engine; one 62 inch and one 44 inch cylinder
machines making 16,000 lbs. of straw wrapper in twenty-four hours. Julius
Cohn, president and Max H. Lowenstein, secretary and treasurer.
STRATFORD PAPER MILLS--WESTCOTT AND SCANLON
Robert Scanlon operated the mill in 1897 and 1898 as the Stratfrod Paper
Mills, making straw-rag and manilla lining paper. The Stratford Mills were
succeeded in 1899 by Westcott and Scanlon, operated a short time and closed
permanently. A success was never again made of the mills. The machinery was
sold to Seromlin and Westcott and Herbert Peck purchased the real estate for
$2,000, according to records, February 11, 1899. Herman Reidel was the last
superintendent to operate the mill.
In 1900 Robert Scanlon was active in organizing the Brownstown Straw Board
Paper Company, who purchased the two machines in the Stratford mill, equipping
a mill at Brownstown, Ind, now the Kieffer Paper Company, where these original
machines are still in operation.
In 1902 the Columbus, Delaware, and Marion Electric Railroad Company pur-
chased the Stratford Mill property and converted the buildings into a carbarn
and repair shops. On December 15, 1927, the buildings were totally destroyed by
fire and never rebuilt.
The big flood of 1913 destroyed the waterpower and as there is not the volume
of water that formerly flowed through Olentangy River, there is little possibility
that this will ever be developed again for power or manufacturing purposes.
Of the people formerly associated with these mills, Charles W. Edsell, after
failing to make good at paper making, returned to Otsego where he has been very
successful as a real estate operator. He is in good health and with his wife cele-
brated their fifty-first weddng anniversary in Florida last winter.
Fred Palmer Hills, former manager of the mill, is now associated with the
Delaware Savings Bank. James Price, an old time employee, is living retired at
Stratford. Geo. Hesser, former superintendent of the Riverside Paper Company,
Appleton, Wis., but now retired was once a machine tender at Stratford. Harman
Breyfogle, the first backtender on "The big 60-inch Fourdrinier" is now living at
White Pigeon, Mich. Herbert A. Breyfogle, a former cutter boy at the Stratford
Mill, now has an M.D. added to his name and is a successful physician of Kansas
City, Mo.
Roy Breyfogle, son of Harman Breyfogle, who also started at the Stratford
mill is now superintendent of the Eddy Paper Company at White Pigeon, Mich.,
and Charles McClellan, former Stratford machine tender is now superintendent
of the Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Company, of Kalamazoo, Mich.
Our thanks and credit for much information in the foreging history are
tendered to Bert White, Recorder of Delaware County, O.; Miss Della Weiser,
Librarian, Delaware Public Library; C.C. Moyer, of the Columbus, Delaware
and Marion Electric Railroad; Charles Edsell, Otsego, N.Y.; and E.S. Menden-
hall, son of John H. Mendenhall, who has an abstract office in Delaware.--Editor.
Chain, Chain, Who Made the Chain ?
In July Number of Superior Facts we told how Lime Rock, Conn., forges
were said to have produced the chain that was stretched across the Hudson
River in Revolutionary days to prevent British warships from reaching West
Point.
George Gammie, assistant superintendent of the Rolalnd Paper Company, St.
Jerome Quebec, tells us that while he was superintendent at a mill in Moodna,
N.Y., he heard similar claims for the forge at Moodna.
Since publishing the Lime Rock item we have heard similar claims of forges
in Saratoga and Columbia Counties, N.Y. From what we learn this famous
chain was hurriedly put together and every available forge was pressed into the
service of making portions of it for the emergency.
We will be pleased to receive and publish any definite facts regarding the
actual making of this chain from our readers.--Editor.
Title
Superior facts (p. 5)
Description
[page 5]
SUPERIOR FACTS 5
"Lou" Breyfogle's Autobiography
[photo: L. H. Breyfogle]
I was born in Stratford, Ohio, and started
my career in the paper industry at the age of
thirteen as a cutter boy in the old Stratford
Wrapping Mill which was then owned by the
Randall-Mills and Edsell. Later came my pro-
motion to backtender and three years after I was
assigned as machine tender at the daily wage of
$1.25. Six months later I became machine tender
for the Hastings Paper company, Enon, Ohio,
under S.W. Sroufe, who is now superintendent of
the Dresden Paper Mills Company, Dresden, Ohio.
I worked there for about two years, saving sufficient
money meanwhile to take a course in a business
college. I next secured a machine tending job in
the F.J. Diem and Company mill, Dayton, Ohio.
Two years later this mill was taken over and closed
by the Columbia Straw Paper Company. I then
went with the Nixon Paper Company, Richmond,
Indiana, set up an old Fourdrinier and started
on lightweight bag paper. I was with this mill
until it closed.
In 1893 I returned to Stratford to work for the then new Delaware Paper
Company. From there I went to Steubenville, Ohio, to run a machine for Hartje
Brothers under Tom Bygot, superintendent. I was with this Company two and
a half years. The Tarentum Paper Mills installed a new machine and I joined
them as a machine tender for one year. From this mill I went with the Harvey
Paper Company, Wellsburg, West Virginia, to run a machine that the Black and
Clawson Company had removed from a Louisville, Kentucky, mill and rebuilt.
My next move was to the Ford Manufacturing Company, Clinton, Iowa, and
soon after I went to Alexandria, Indiana, to run machine for the Alexandria
Paper Company, where I remained for eighteen months. Wehn the Wayne Mill,
Hartford City, Indiana, installed a new machine, I went with them to start it up.
Next I joined with John and Al Wiley in a lease of the old National Paper
Company, Waterloo, Iowa, and ran it a short time. I next went with the Chicago
Coated Board Company. Tom Harvey, now manager of the Gardner Harvey
Paper Company, was superintendent. I moved on to the Beveridge Paper Co-
pany and ran a machine for them, leaving to go with the Franklin Manufactur-
ing Company, Franklin, Pa. W.D. Boyce had purchased this mill and J.E.
Daley was superintendent. Mr. Daley hired me to dismantle the mill and after
it was shipped to Marseilles, Illinois, I set up the machinery and started the
mill. From there I went with the Marion Paper Company, and then with the
Ohio Boxboard Company as superintendent. I was with this company thre
years, after which I joined the Western Board and Paper Company as super-
intendent. I built and started up this mill. Later I went with the Oscar Felt
and Paper Company, and rebuilt it as a board mill, the name being changed to
the Michigan Box Board Company. From this mill I went to Kalamazoo,
Michigan, as superintendent of the Standard Paper Company. I was with them
about three years. After this I went with Mr. G.H. Nood, president of the
River Raisin Paper Company, as general superintendent of the Bogalusa Paper
Company, and was with them during the building and starting up of this mill.
My father, Henry S. Breyfogle, started to work as a teamster for the Andrew,
Perry and Mendenhall in 1858. He later became a machine tender, and the
most of this time as beater engineer.
I can remember old Joe Phillips when he ran a machine at Stratford, but only
for a short time as he was noted as being "the tramp paper maker." I also
remember when Jack Simington worked in this mill, and both of them have had
many meals at my home.
NOSEY HILL ESCAPES WINTER
Nosey Hill, one very cold winter, when jobs were hard to get, came to Strat-
ford pooly clothed, hungry, and jobless. A watch had been stolen in the com-
(Continued on Page No. 8)
SUPERIOR FACTS 5
"Lou" Breyfogle's Autobiography
[photo: L. H. Breyfogle]
I was born in Stratford, Ohio, and started
my career in the paper industry at the age of
thirteen as a cutter boy in the old Stratford
Wrapping Mill which was then owned by the
Randall-Mills and Edsell. Later came my pro-
motion to backtender and three years after I was
assigned as machine tender at the daily wage of
$1.25. Six months later I became machine tender
for the Hastings Paper company, Enon, Ohio,
under S.W. Sroufe, who is now superintendent of
the Dresden Paper Mills Company, Dresden, Ohio.
I worked there for about two years, saving sufficient
money meanwhile to take a course in a business
college. I next secured a machine tending job in
the F.J. Diem and Company mill, Dayton, Ohio.
Two years later this mill was taken over and closed
by the Columbia Straw Paper Company. I then
went with the Nixon Paper Company, Richmond,
Indiana, set up an old Fourdrinier and started
on lightweight bag paper. I was with this mill
until it closed.
In 1893 I returned to Stratford to work for the then new Delaware Paper
Company. From there I went to Steubenville, Ohio, to run a machine for Hartje
Brothers under Tom Bygot, superintendent. I was with this Company two and
a half years. The Tarentum Paper Mills installed a new machine and I joined
them as a machine tender for one year. From this mill I went with the Harvey
Paper Company, Wellsburg, West Virginia, to run a machine that the Black and
Clawson Company had removed from a Louisville, Kentucky, mill and rebuilt.
My next move was to the Ford Manufacturing Company, Clinton, Iowa, and
soon after I went to Alexandria, Indiana, to run machine for the Alexandria
Paper Company, where I remained for eighteen months. Wehn the Wayne Mill,
Hartford City, Indiana, installed a new machine, I went with them to start it up.
Next I joined with John and Al Wiley in a lease of the old National Paper
Company, Waterloo, Iowa, and ran it a short time. I next went with the Chicago
Coated Board Company. Tom Harvey, now manager of the Gardner Harvey
Paper Company, was superintendent. I moved on to the Beveridge Paper Co-
pany and ran a machine for them, leaving to go with the Franklin Manufactur-
ing Company, Franklin, Pa. W.D. Boyce had purchased this mill and J.E.
Daley was superintendent. Mr. Daley hired me to dismantle the mill and after
it was shipped to Marseilles, Illinois, I set up the machinery and started the
mill. From there I went with the Marion Paper Company, and then with the
Ohio Boxboard Company as superintendent. I was with this company thre
years, after which I joined the Western Board and Paper Company as super-
intendent. I built and started up this mill. Later I went with the Oscar Felt
and Paper Company, and rebuilt it as a board mill, the name being changed to
the Michigan Box Board Company. From this mill I went to Kalamazoo,
Michigan, as superintendent of the Standard Paper Company. I was with them
about three years. After this I went with Mr. G.H. Nood, president of the
River Raisin Paper Company, as general superintendent of the Bogalusa Paper
Company, and was with them during the building and starting up of this mill.
My father, Henry S. Breyfogle, started to work as a teamster for the Andrew,
Perry and Mendenhall in 1858. He later became a machine tender, and the
most of this time as beater engineer.
I can remember old Joe Phillips when he ran a machine at Stratford, but only
for a short time as he was noted as being "the tramp paper maker." I also
remember when Jack Simington worked in this mill, and both of them have had
many meals at my home.
NOSEY HILL ESCAPES WINTER
Nosey Hill, one very cold winter, when jobs were hard to get, came to Strat-
ford pooly clothed, hungry, and jobless. A watch had been stolen in the com-
(Continued on Page No. 8)
Title
Superior facts (p. 6)
Description
[page 6]
SUPERIOR FACTS 6
Our Rogues' Gallery
[photo: Adult Book Louse About fifty times natural size]
For future identification we present the
picture and life story of another criminal in "the world of paper."
PSOCIDAE CORRIDENTIA alias PSOCIDS or BOOK and DUST LOUSE
This pest is probably more disgusting
and annoying than it is destructive. It only
feeds on the paste and glue used in binding
books or the animal or vegetable substance
of surface sized or coated papers when they
are damp.
A. E. Back, Entomologist, in Farmers
Bulletin No. 1104 of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, tells us in part:
"Book lice or psocids are the tiny white
or grayish-White insect-, scarcely as long as
the width of an ordinary pinhead, and often
much smaller, that scurry across the pages
when old, musty books are opened.
"They appear in houses in greatest num-
bers during late summer and early fall, and
are more abundant in damp, well-shaded
rooms not in general use, and in houses long
closed. Very few are found in bright, sunny,
dry rooms in constant use.
"Book lice run in a halting fashion over
everything in the house. They feed on all
sorts of vegetable and animal matter. It is not often that they become abun-
dant, and when they do, they attract attention more by their annoying presence
than by the actual damage caused. They injure man in no way and are there-
fore unlike the true lice.
"The book lice that occur in houses have no wings and are seldom one-
sixteenth of an inch long, often much smaller. They are pale colored, almost
white when young, hut as they grow older are darkened somewhat by the food
they have eaten, for this shows through their more or less translucent bodies.
When old, musty books are opened suddenly, the book lice may be seen scurry-
ing across the pages in a halting and uncertain fashion, and frequently they
are noticed upon door screens, window panes, furniture, books and photographs
or upon almost any object in the room.
"Book lice thrive best in closed rooms that are warm and damp. Seldom
are they noticed in light, airy rooms in constant use. They are found in houses
that have been closed all summer. They die off during cold weather, but may
leave behind them eggs which hatch the following spring to furnish the infesta-
tion for the succeeding year. Ordinarily they do not become abundant enough
to attract attention until late summer or early fall.
"Upholstered furniture and mattresses Stuffed with straw, husks, hair,
feathers or moss are especially favorable places for their multiplication, and
in the worst cases of infestation on record the psocids have come from such
sources. They have been found in myriads in straw in barns and stables, in
the straw coverings of wine bottles in cellars, and in rooms in which tow
used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture is kept.
"One record on file indicates the usual history of infestation. In a new
house kept by very neat occupants a mattress of hair and corn husks which
had been purchased not more than six months before was found in a badly
infested condition after the house had been closed about six weeks. It was so
covered with psocids that a pin could not he stuck into the mattress without
piercing an insect. The side of the sheet next to the mattress was likewise
covered, and a further search showed the walls and the entire house to be
swarming with the tiny pests. A sweep of the hand over the walls would
gather them by the thousands.
SUPERIOR FACTS 6
Our Rogues' Gallery
[photo: Adult Book Louse About fifty times natural size]
For future identification we present the
picture and life story of another criminal in "the world of paper."
PSOCIDAE CORRIDENTIA alias PSOCIDS or BOOK and DUST LOUSE
This pest is probably more disgusting
and annoying than it is destructive. It only
feeds on the paste and glue used in binding
books or the animal or vegetable substance
of surface sized or coated papers when they
are damp.
A. E. Back, Entomologist, in Farmers
Bulletin No. 1104 of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, tells us in part:
"Book lice or psocids are the tiny white
or grayish-White insect-, scarcely as long as
the width of an ordinary pinhead, and often
much smaller, that scurry across the pages
when old, musty books are opened.
"They appear in houses in greatest num-
bers during late summer and early fall, and
are more abundant in damp, well-shaded
rooms not in general use, and in houses long
closed. Very few are found in bright, sunny,
dry rooms in constant use.
"Book lice run in a halting fashion over
everything in the house. They feed on all
sorts of vegetable and animal matter. It is not often that they become abun-
dant, and when they do, they attract attention more by their annoying presence
than by the actual damage caused. They injure man in no way and are there-
fore unlike the true lice.
"The book lice that occur in houses have no wings and are seldom one-
sixteenth of an inch long, often much smaller. They are pale colored, almost
white when young, hut as they grow older are darkened somewhat by the food
they have eaten, for this shows through their more or less translucent bodies.
When old, musty books are opened suddenly, the book lice may be seen scurry-
ing across the pages in a halting and uncertain fashion, and frequently they
are noticed upon door screens, window panes, furniture, books and photographs
or upon almost any object in the room.
"Book lice thrive best in closed rooms that are warm and damp. Seldom
are they noticed in light, airy rooms in constant use. They are found in houses
that have been closed all summer. They die off during cold weather, but may
leave behind them eggs which hatch the following spring to furnish the infesta-
tion for the succeeding year. Ordinarily they do not become abundant enough
to attract attention until late summer or early fall.
"Upholstered furniture and mattresses Stuffed with straw, husks, hair,
feathers or moss are especially favorable places for their multiplication, and
in the worst cases of infestation on record the psocids have come from such
sources. They have been found in myriads in straw in barns and stables, in
the straw coverings of wine bottles in cellars, and in rooms in which tow
used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture is kept.
"One record on file indicates the usual history of infestation. In a new
house kept by very neat occupants a mattress of hair and corn husks which
had been purchased not more than six months before was found in a badly
infested condition after the house had been closed about six weeks. It was so
covered with psocids that a pin could not he stuck into the mattress without
piercing an insect. The side of the sheet next to the mattress was likewise
covered, and a further search showed the walls and the entire house to be
swarming with the tiny pests. A sweep of the hand over the walls would
gather them by the thousands.
Title
Superior facts (p. 7)
Description
[page 7]
SUPERIOR FACTS 7
HOW TO CONTROL BOOK LICE IN HOUSES
"Where only a few book lice are present, a thorough cleaning, airing and
drying of the room is all that is needed, provided the source of infestation
is within the room itself. As many as possible of the objects in the room should
be removed and thoroughly sunned on a bright day. The room should be heated
to a temperature of from 120 to 140 degrees F.'. for several hours.
Psocids are soft-bodied insects and succumb to a long drying due to heat. Where rooms are
located on the ground Hour in loosely constructed buildings in shaded and damp
situations, as are many summer cottages, so many psocids come in from the
outside that almost no treatment will entirely rid a room of them.
"When book lice swarm in alarming numbers over and throughout a room
the breeding places should be located at once. If the source is old straw or
husk fillings of mattresses, these should he removed and burned wherever pos-
sible. Thorough fumigation with the fumes of sulphur,* 1 pound of sulphur
being burned for each 1,000 cubic feet of space, is effective. Where other pests
are present, such as bedbugs, and where the bleaching effects of the fumes can
lie disregarded, as in barracks, .5 pounds of sulphur will prove effective. During
fumigation the rooms should he kept closed as tightly as possible, and after
five or six hours opened from without and thoroughly aired. Fumigation with
hydrocyanic-acid gas is very effective, hut dangerous in the hands of inexpe-
rienced persons.(See Farmers' Bulletin 699.)
"Closets, boxes, trunks and sometimes even entire rooms, where infested ob-
jects are kept near the floor, can he fumigated satisfactorily with carbon disul-
phid. (See Fanners' Bulletin 799.) In addition to cleanliness and plenty of
sunlight, licit or fumigation, wherever it can be applied, will yield the best
results, if the source of infestation has been removed."
The Cambridge Natural History book on insects says: "One specie of the
family of Psocidea, Clothilla Pulsatora, is widely known as the 'Death Watch'
owing to the belief that it is able to make a peculiar ticking noise supposed to
be prophetic of the decease of some individual (human not insect). The Rev.
W. Derham, who two hundred years ago was rector of Upminster in Essex
(England) gave an account of the ticking of the dentil watches to the Royal
Society. He said: 'I am now so used to and skillful in the matter as to be
able to see and show them beating almost when I please by having a paper with
some of them in it, conveniently placed, and imitating their pulsations which
they will readily answer.' He said he could only hear them when it was done
on paper and that the death watches would tick for hours at a time resembling
the ticking of a watch."
"*Before resorting to sulphur fumigation the householder should be warned that
sulphur fumes can unite with moisture in the air to form sulphuric acid, thus having
a bleaching effect upon wall paper and other articles, as well as tarnishing metals
of all sorts. The damper the house, the greater the bleaching. In houses thoroughly
dried by heat very little
bleaching occurs. (Householders possessing homes furnished
with rare or valuable articles should never use sulphur.)"
BOYS OF THE GAY '90s
DO YOU KNOW THEM?
[photo: Left to right:?"Count" Kuppers of Arabol Mfg. Co., E. J. "Ted" Pope
and J. J. Sullivan. Taken at Delaware Water Gap, Pa., 1900.]
SUPERIOR FACTS 7
HOW TO CONTROL BOOK LICE IN HOUSES
"Where only a few book lice are present, a thorough cleaning, airing and
drying of the room is all that is needed, provided the source of infestation
is within the room itself. As many as possible of the objects in the room should
be removed and thoroughly sunned on a bright day. The room should be heated
to a temperature of from 120 to 140 degrees F.'. for several hours.
Psocids are soft-bodied insects and succumb to a long drying due to heat. Where rooms are
located on the ground Hour in loosely constructed buildings in shaded and damp
situations, as are many summer cottages, so many psocids come in from the
outside that almost no treatment will entirely rid a room of them.
"When book lice swarm in alarming numbers over and throughout a room
the breeding places should be located at once. If the source is old straw or
husk fillings of mattresses, these should he removed and burned wherever pos-
sible. Thorough fumigation with the fumes of sulphur,* 1 pound of sulphur
being burned for each 1,000 cubic feet of space, is effective. Where other pests
are present, such as bedbugs, and where the bleaching effects of the fumes can
lie disregarded, as in barracks, .5 pounds of sulphur will prove effective. During
fumigation the rooms should he kept closed as tightly as possible, and after
five or six hours opened from without and thoroughly aired. Fumigation with
hydrocyanic-acid gas is very effective, hut dangerous in the hands of inexpe-
rienced persons.(See Farmers' Bulletin 699.)
"Closets, boxes, trunks and sometimes even entire rooms, where infested ob-
jects are kept near the floor, can he fumigated satisfactorily with carbon disul-
phid. (See Fanners' Bulletin 799.) In addition to cleanliness and plenty of
sunlight, licit or fumigation, wherever it can be applied, will yield the best
results, if the source of infestation has been removed."
The Cambridge Natural History book on insects says: "One specie of the
family of Psocidea, Clothilla Pulsatora, is widely known as the 'Death Watch'
owing to the belief that it is able to make a peculiar ticking noise supposed to
be prophetic of the decease of some individual (human not insect). The Rev.
W. Derham, who two hundred years ago was rector of Upminster in Essex
(England) gave an account of the ticking of the dentil watches to the Royal
Society. He said: 'I am now so used to and skillful in the matter as to be
able to see and show them beating almost when I please by having a paper with
some of them in it, conveniently placed, and imitating their pulsations which
they will readily answer.' He said he could only hear them when it was done
on paper and that the death watches would tick for hours at a time resembling
the ticking of a watch."
"*Before resorting to sulphur fumigation the householder should be warned that
sulphur fumes can unite with moisture in the air to form sulphuric acid, thus having
a bleaching effect upon wall paper and other articles, as well as tarnishing metals
of all sorts. The damper the house, the greater the bleaching. In houses thoroughly
dried by heat very little
bleaching occurs. (Householders possessing homes furnished
with rare or valuable articles should never use sulphur.)"
BOYS OF THE GAY '90s
DO YOU KNOW THEM?
[photo: Left to right:?"Count" Kuppers of Arabol Mfg. Co., E. J. "Ted" Pope
and J. J. Sullivan. Taken at Delaware Water Gap, Pa., 1900.]
Title
Superior facts (p. 8)
Description
[page 8]
SUPERIOR FACTS 8
Paper ? How She's Made?
From "Consolidated News," published by the Consolidated Water Power
and Paper Co.
God bless these tourists that come from far and near, wanting to go through
a paper mill. "I came all the way from Iowa just to see how paper is made,"
they say. Others happened to see the smoke stack and thought they would
drop over.
We enjoy the college eo-ed or schoolma'am, studying industrial problems,
getting ready to write an article on "From Logs to Paper" or something
like that.
Recently a not bad looking dame in her middle thirties appeared and uttered
a wish to visit the mill. She was getting information for a thesis so we took
her at her word and also took her by the arm and guided her hither and thither.
"I will send you a copy of my thesis," quoth she,--and here it is:
WOOD comes into the paper mill in rafts, gondolas or hookahorns and
dumped into a pond containing hot water. In the wood room there are
a large number of men engaged in sawing the logs in two and throwing
them into huge revolving tubes which scrape off the bark and broom the
ends sufficiently to permit it to be ground into chips. The chips travel on a
belt to the sulphite mill where they are put into a rotating device called a
sulphur burner. Here the wood mixes with sulphur and then the chips are
cooled off in the cooler, ready for making paper.
Some of the wood goes to the grinder room and ground Op, where a high
pressure water pump forces the wood from the bins to the grindstone, resulting
in a pulpy substance which is pumped to the suction presses. The free stock
flows freely, while the slow stock travels more slowly. Before the pulp gets to
the paper machines, it is passed through screens which take out the foreign
material from Canada.
The paper machine is a huge device consisting of a lot of rolls which revolve
at the rate of 500 to 1,000 feet per minute. The pulp first goes through a copper
screen called a wire, then into a wire pit where the fibres are criss-crossed by
the machine tender.The back-tender takes care of the backside of the machine.
The paper is then pulled through perforated rolls, called suction rolls, by
means of vacuum pumps. These pumps are kept in a vacuum. In order to get
the paper in good shape for printing it must be dried and then wound on reels
where it is rubbed thoroughly with clay, alum, chlorine and jordans.
In the boiler house there are large stokers filled with tubes and super heaters.
The coal is emptied into a hopper on the roof and let down to the boilers, first
passing through the preheaters and then through stokers and economizers.
Attempt is made at all times to keep water in the boilers, otherwise the fireman
would he put to considerable inconvenience.
In the power plant are the generators which are filled with coils, volts and
switch panels. The water rushes through the generators, causing them to revolve
and produce thousands of kilowatts. These kilowatts are used in the process of
paper manufacture.
Story of Osborns Soon
Limited space prevented us from publishing the history of the Osborns in
this issue. In our October issue, we will carry a brief story on William Osborn,
his son, George Osborn, and his grandson, Clarence Osborn. William and George
Osborn were closely associated with the early days of paper making in Strat-
ford, Ohio.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE No. 5)
munity, and although Nosey was innocent, he was blamed for the theft. When
arraigned before the Judge, Nosey said: "I plead guilty, Judge, but I did not
steal the watch." Thus Nosey obtained three meals a day and a lodging place
for the winter.
Mr. Breyfogle is now Western representative of Draper Brothers Company,
manufacturers of paper makers felts, with headquarters at Kalamazoo, Mich. To
him we are obligated for much of the information regarding the Stratford Mills.
SUPERIOR FACTS 8
Paper ? How She's Made?
From "Consolidated News," published by the Consolidated Water Power
and Paper Co.
God bless these tourists that come from far and near, wanting to go through
a paper mill. "I came all the way from Iowa just to see how paper is made,"
they say. Others happened to see the smoke stack and thought they would
drop over.
We enjoy the college eo-ed or schoolma'am, studying industrial problems,
getting ready to write an article on "From Logs to Paper" or something
like that.
Recently a not bad looking dame in her middle thirties appeared and uttered
a wish to visit the mill. She was getting information for a thesis so we took
her at her word and also took her by the arm and guided her hither and thither.
"I will send you a copy of my thesis," quoth she,--and here it is:
WOOD comes into the paper mill in rafts, gondolas or hookahorns and
dumped into a pond containing hot water. In the wood room there are
a large number of men engaged in sawing the logs in two and throwing
them into huge revolving tubes which scrape off the bark and broom the
ends sufficiently to permit it to be ground into chips. The chips travel on a
belt to the sulphite mill where they are put into a rotating device called a
sulphur burner. Here the wood mixes with sulphur and then the chips are
cooled off in the cooler, ready for making paper.
Some of the wood goes to the grinder room and ground Op, where a high
pressure water pump forces the wood from the bins to the grindstone, resulting
in a pulpy substance which is pumped to the suction presses. The free stock
flows freely, while the slow stock travels more slowly. Before the pulp gets to
the paper machines, it is passed through screens which take out the foreign
material from Canada.
The paper machine is a huge device consisting of a lot of rolls which revolve
at the rate of 500 to 1,000 feet per minute. The pulp first goes through a copper
screen called a wire, then into a wire pit where the fibres are criss-crossed by
the machine tender.The back-tender takes care of the backside of the machine.
The paper is then pulled through perforated rolls, called suction rolls, by
means of vacuum pumps. These pumps are kept in a vacuum. In order to get
the paper in good shape for printing it must be dried and then wound on reels
where it is rubbed thoroughly with clay, alum, chlorine and jordans.
In the boiler house there are large stokers filled with tubes and super heaters.
The coal is emptied into a hopper on the roof and let down to the boilers, first
passing through the preheaters and then through stokers and economizers.
Attempt is made at all times to keep water in the boilers, otherwise the fireman
would he put to considerable inconvenience.
In the power plant are the generators which are filled with coils, volts and
switch panels. The water rushes through the generators, causing them to revolve
and produce thousands of kilowatts. These kilowatts are used in the process of
paper manufacture.
Story of Osborns Soon
Limited space prevented us from publishing the history of the Osborns in
this issue. In our October issue, we will carry a brief story on William Osborn,
his son, George Osborn, and his grandson, Clarence Osborn. William and George
Osborn were closely associated with the early days of paper making in Strat-
ford, Ohio.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE No. 5)
munity, and although Nosey was innocent, he was blamed for the theft. When
arraigned before the Judge, Nosey said: "I plead guilty, Judge, but I did not
steal the watch." Thus Nosey obtained three meals a day and a lodging place
for the winter.
Mr. Breyfogle is now Western representative of Draper Brothers Company,
manufacturers of paper makers felts, with headquarters at Kalamazoo, Mich. To
him we are obligated for much of the information regarding the Stratford Mills.
Title
Superior facts (p. 9)
Description
[page 9]
SUPERIOR FACTS 9
E. W. Howard, An "Old Guard" Veteran
[photo: Edward W. Howard in 1885]
In his own words and style, Mr. Howard
relates the following highly interesting
side lights of his career in paper
making and the history of the old Strat-
ford Mills.
To old friends, Mr. Howard will be
better known as Edward W. Hougawout,
the later name having been changed in re-
cent years for the sake of brevity and
clarity. Mr. Howard now resides at Kau-
kanna. Wis., and we wish to credit and
thank him for much of the information used
in our story of Stratford.
"I was born in Andover Township, Sus-
sex County, New Jersey, of Colonial Scotch
Irish and Dutch stock. My maternal grand-
father did costume weaving. My paternal
grandfather owned and operated a saddlery
?harness shop, we would call it. Before
railroads were so common all heavy freight
was carried across the country by great
canastoga wagons drawn by four, six, or
eight heavy mules. The great demand for
saddles and harness made the saddlery busi-
ness very important and profitable.
"I do not remember much about home
or conditions there before the Civil War
since I was only five years old when the war broke out. My father enlisted on
the first call, leaving his little mason contracting business which his business
friends absorbed during his absence. That made it necessary for us to strike
out for ourselves as soon as we were old enough.
"My mother's folks were interested in a paper mill at Stratford, Delaware
County, Ohio. Before I arrived in 187J the old owners had died or sold out.
This mill was three miles from any railroad, on the west side of the Olentangy
River about twenty-five miles north of Columbus. It had a good stone dam
with water power six or eight months in the year. This company owned a straw
wrapping mill up near the dam, which was operated when there was surplus
water power. That old wrapping mill was a relic of tile middle ages. The
machine was hand made?that it, built up of scraps, odds and ends from the
machine in the lower mill. It was tied up and wired from stem to stern. The
two beaters were driven by a spur gear off a water wheel, one beater being on
either side of tile spur from which both were driven. The lower, or 'white mill,"
as it was called, had been built originally for a writing paper mill and had been
operated as such for many years.
"When I arrived on the scene they were making newsprint entirely of rags,
on a little machine a man could reach across. In Delaware, two and a half miles
from the mill, there was man named Blackwell who ran twenty-five tin peddler
wagons out into the country trading tinware for rags, brass and copper. Black-
well sold those rags to the nearest paper mills. Stratford mill employed forty
to sixty girls in the rag room. They made nineteen sorts of these nice clean
country rags. They sold new white cotton cuttings, new white linen cuttings,
new brown linen cuttings, new brown cotton cuttings, soft wool, hard wool, all
wool blankets, half wool blankets, number one all white no seams, number two old
white with seams, and light calicoes. I have forgotten how to classify them
now. My first job was baling up the sorts that were sold. The new cuttings
were shipped to Massachusetts and the woolens to Philadelphia. I managed to
work through the mill in a year or two.
"The machine was one of the first cylinder machines with six dryers, pro-
ducing in twenty-four hours about twenty-four hundred pounds of all rag
paper used for print. If they had stuck to writing paper or tissue it would not
have been so bad, but to use such stock for print was a crime. But what would
SUPERIOR FACTS 9
E. W. Howard, An "Old Guard" Veteran
[photo: Edward W. Howard in 1885]
In his own words and style, Mr. Howard
relates the following highly interesting
side lights of his career in paper
making and the history of the old Strat-
ford Mills.
To old friends, Mr. Howard will be
better known as Edward W. Hougawout,
the later name having been changed in re-
cent years for the sake of brevity and
clarity. Mr. Howard now resides at Kau-
kanna. Wis., and we wish to credit and
thank him for much of the information used
in our story of Stratford.
"I was born in Andover Township, Sus-
sex County, New Jersey, of Colonial Scotch
Irish and Dutch stock. My maternal grand-
father did costume weaving. My paternal
grandfather owned and operated a saddlery
?harness shop, we would call it. Before
railroads were so common all heavy freight
was carried across the country by great
canastoga wagons drawn by four, six, or
eight heavy mules. The great demand for
saddles and harness made the saddlery busi-
ness very important and profitable.
"I do not remember much about home
or conditions there before the Civil War
since I was only five years old when the war broke out. My father enlisted on
the first call, leaving his little mason contracting business which his business
friends absorbed during his absence. That made it necessary for us to strike
out for ourselves as soon as we were old enough.
"My mother's folks were interested in a paper mill at Stratford, Delaware
County, Ohio. Before I arrived in 187J the old owners had died or sold out.
This mill was three miles from any railroad, on the west side of the Olentangy
River about twenty-five miles north of Columbus. It had a good stone dam
with water power six or eight months in the year. This company owned a straw
wrapping mill up near the dam, which was operated when there was surplus
water power. That old wrapping mill was a relic of tile middle ages. The
machine was hand made?that it, built up of scraps, odds and ends from the
machine in the lower mill. It was tied up and wired from stem to stern. The
two beaters were driven by a spur gear off a water wheel, one beater being on
either side of tile spur from which both were driven. The lower, or 'white mill,"
as it was called, had been built originally for a writing paper mill and had been
operated as such for many years.
"When I arrived on the scene they were making newsprint entirely of rags,
on a little machine a man could reach across. In Delaware, two and a half miles
from the mill, there was man named Blackwell who ran twenty-five tin peddler
wagons out into the country trading tinware for rags, brass and copper. Black-
well sold those rags to the nearest paper mills. Stratford mill employed forty
to sixty girls in the rag room. They made nineteen sorts of these nice clean
country rags. They sold new white cotton cuttings, new white linen cuttings,
new brown linen cuttings, new brown cotton cuttings, soft wool, hard wool, all
wool blankets, half wool blankets, number one all white no seams, number two old
white with seams, and light calicoes. I have forgotten how to classify them
now. My first job was baling up the sorts that were sold. The new cuttings
were shipped to Massachusetts and the woolens to Philadelphia. I managed to
work through the mill in a year or two.
"The machine was one of the first cylinder machines with six dryers, pro-
ducing in twenty-four hours about twenty-four hundred pounds of all rag
paper used for print. If they had stuck to writing paper or tissue it would not
have been so bad, but to use such stock for print was a crime. But what would
Title
Superior facts (p. 10)
Description
[page 10]
SUPERIOR FACTS 10
you expect, there was no modern paper maker in
sight. The stock was bleached with powder instead
of liquor, colored white with ultramarine blue, mea-
sured up with a tin cup instead of being weighed.
No red was used. Rosin was put in the beaters in
paste form instead of being dissolved in water. It
looked dark red like soft soap made with wood
ashes. The paper was hard and strong. It should
have been since it was made by strong, hard-boiled
people. That Stratford was a hard joint at that
time. After I had been there a year or two the
company went bankrupt and was bought out by
Hills Brothers, local men in the town of Delaware.
One of the Hills, Frank, was a gentleman farmer.
[photo: W. Howard today]
He was made manager. He was a fine person but
knew nothing about the business. They put a
teamster on to run a machine. The young man was
all right as a teamster hut knew nothing about paper
making. Two or three of the machine boys and
myself were the only old men in the mill. We had
a lot of sport with the new machine tender. One
day we pursuaded him that the dryer bearings were getting hot, burning. He
shut the machine down and tried to cool them off by pouring water on them.
"I worked pretty much all through the mill?rag room, heater, steam engine,
tiring, and even filled the rotary and cut rags. When I left I was running the
beaters. They had two two hundred fifty-pound beaters and one six hundred-
pound beater nd two three hundred-pound washers. The mill was then in very
bad repair. It was no unusual thing to shut down two or three hours for repairs.
One day the main three-inch line shaft broke, and had to he taken down to a
blacksmith shop to be fixed. We shoved one end through the front door and
the other one in the back, got the two ends together in the forge fire, put the
heat on, jammed the two ends together, smoothed it up, straightened it out and
put it back. It ran without ever going into a lathe. That was some job even
for this day.
"My next jump was to Ohio, with Woodsdale Chatfield and Woods of Cin-
cinnati. Next I went to Batavia, Illinois, July 1, 1880. The Van Nortwicks had
converted the old Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad shops into a paper
mill. It had three machines and just started a new ninety-two inch Four-
drinier, the largest in the west at that time. They were making straw print,
eighty-five per cent, straw and five per cent, rag, and about ten per cent, ground
wood. It had five large digestors using straw from nearby farms. They did not
buy and store the straw at that time. The farmers brought it in under contract
and there seemed always to be a surplus. The help were a wild and wooly lot.
Whiskey was cheap and lots of it was consumed. I only stayed there four
months. The job was too much for any one man. They emptied from forty-two to
forty-five beaters and four washers, and there were no Jordans in the mill.
We were at it all the time. The beaters were never all furnished at one time.
"The beater helpers had to help fill straw digestors three or four times at
night. That put the beaters back and altogether it was a rush job, a two man
job. On October twenty-eight, I had a row with the boss about one of the
machine tenders who would be drunk all day and try to work his night shift. I
was the goat for his lessened production, or smaller rim of paper. On the
train into Chicago on the morning of November 1, 1880, the boss jollied me and
tried to have me return to work because he had found out where the trouble
had been in his mill. But I did not go hack; I had had enough of that stuff, and,
let me add that during my forty-eight years in the mill my only serious trouble
came from drinking mates, drinking helpers, and also drinking bosses, the last
being the worst of all. Prohibition may not function as some believe, but the
drunken boss is a rare bird in the year of Our Lord 1930, while in 1880 he was
only too common.
"My next job was in the Mead and Nixon Mill, Dayton, Ohio. John Luke,
one of the founders of the West Virginia Paper Company, was superintendent
of the mills. One machine was on hook and one on manila wrapping paper made
of pine and spruce. They had the pulp made in their own pulp mills just
SUPERIOR FACTS 10
you expect, there was no modern paper maker in
sight. The stock was bleached with powder instead
of liquor, colored white with ultramarine blue, mea-
sured up with a tin cup instead of being weighed.
No red was used. Rosin was put in the beaters in
paste form instead of being dissolved in water. It
looked dark red like soft soap made with wood
ashes. The paper was hard and strong. It should
have been since it was made by strong, hard-boiled
people. That Stratford was a hard joint at that
time. After I had been there a year or two the
company went bankrupt and was bought out by
Hills Brothers, local men in the town of Delaware.
One of the Hills, Frank, was a gentleman farmer.
[photo: W. Howard today]
He was made manager. He was a fine person but
knew nothing about the business. They put a
teamster on to run a machine. The young man was
all right as a teamster hut knew nothing about paper
making. Two or three of the machine boys and
myself were the only old men in the mill. We had
a lot of sport with the new machine tender. One
day we pursuaded him that the dryer bearings were getting hot, burning. He
shut the machine down and tried to cool them off by pouring water on them.
"I worked pretty much all through the mill?rag room, heater, steam engine,
tiring, and even filled the rotary and cut rags. When I left I was running the
beaters. They had two two hundred fifty-pound beaters and one six hundred-
pound beater nd two three hundred-pound washers. The mill was then in very
bad repair. It was no unusual thing to shut down two or three hours for repairs.
One day the main three-inch line shaft broke, and had to he taken down to a
blacksmith shop to be fixed. We shoved one end through the front door and
the other one in the back, got the two ends together in the forge fire, put the
heat on, jammed the two ends together, smoothed it up, straightened it out and
put it back. It ran without ever going into a lathe. That was some job even
for this day.
"My next jump was to Ohio, with Woodsdale Chatfield and Woods of Cin-
cinnati. Next I went to Batavia, Illinois, July 1, 1880. The Van Nortwicks had
converted the old Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad shops into a paper
mill. It had three machines and just started a new ninety-two inch Four-
drinier, the largest in the west at that time. They were making straw print,
eighty-five per cent, straw and five per cent, rag, and about ten per cent, ground
wood. It had five large digestors using straw from nearby farms. They did not
buy and store the straw at that time. The farmers brought it in under contract
and there seemed always to be a surplus. The help were a wild and wooly lot.
Whiskey was cheap and lots of it was consumed. I only stayed there four
months. The job was too much for any one man. They emptied from forty-two to
forty-five beaters and four washers, and there were no Jordans in the mill.
We were at it all the time. The beaters were never all furnished at one time.
"The beater helpers had to help fill straw digestors three or four times at
night. That put the beaters back and altogether it was a rush job, a two man
job. On October twenty-eight, I had a row with the boss about one of the
machine tenders who would be drunk all day and try to work his night shift. I
was the goat for his lessened production, or smaller rim of paper. On the
train into Chicago on the morning of November 1, 1880, the boss jollied me and
tried to have me return to work because he had found out where the trouble
had been in his mill. But I did not go hack; I had had enough of that stuff, and,
let me add that during my forty-eight years in the mill my only serious trouble
came from drinking mates, drinking helpers, and also drinking bosses, the last
being the worst of all. Prohibition may not function as some believe, but the
drunken boss is a rare bird in the year of Our Lord 1930, while in 1880 he was
only too common.
"My next job was in the Mead and Nixon Mill, Dayton, Ohio. John Luke,
one of the founders of the West Virginia Paper Company, was superintendent
of the mills. One machine was on hook and one on manila wrapping paper made
of pine and spruce. They had the pulp made in their own pulp mills just
Title
Superior facts (p. 11)
Description
[page 11]
SUPERIOR FACTS 11
across the street. I got a lot of experience here for John Luke was a first class
paper maker.
"I left Dayton and went to work for the Miamisburg Paper Company at
Miamisburg. Boss Hughes, a Scotch-Irish boy, was superintendent. One day
he told me to go out and help fight ice on the racks, and I told him to go to
a warmer place. That was in February, 1881; I bad been there since December,
1880. There I met Cuningham, Johnson, and other old timers from the other
mill, the Ohio Paper Mill. I did not get along very well with my boss so I left
the Miami Valley and went to South Bend, Indiana.
"I found the South Bend mill more modern, three machines, all water power,
but no Jordans yet in my experience. Before I left South Bend they had in-
stalled a Brightman refining engine. It was cone shaped about four feet long
and three feet across at the big end and tapered to about eighteen inches at the
small end. It was failure; no more of that type were built as far as I know.
The first time they shut down after I went there was January 20, 1883. John
Bolton and I went to the Franklin Paper Company at Franklin, Ohio. We
remained there till May, 1883. The South Bend Company reorganized and sent
for us so we went back. They got a superintendent from Ohio to run the mill
in mid-summer. He cut every man's pay on September 1, 1883. I quit along
with every other paper maker in the mill and went to the new mill at Eau Claire,
Wisconsin, which had been promoted by the same William Beach who built the
South Bend Mill.
"Eau Claire was at that time a lumber town with eight large saw mills. The
paper mill was on the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company's dam. They had
one seventy-six inch Fourdrinier machine, two six hundred-pound beaters,
washers, Jordan, and four Datvon wood grinders. They made print from rag
and ground wood. There was a surplus of water power at all times; the best
power I ever worked on. I went there as a beaterman, then they put me in
the rag room as foreman. Ted Pope became manager and Elmer Pope foreman.
The mill was a wooden shell stuck up on the bluffs so near the dam that they
tapped the dam with the forehay within twenty feet. We were never bothered
with ice. The water wheels were set too high and when water went down, the
steps would burn out. That was how Ted Pope lost his big toe, going after
the men when they were putting in new steps. When they had fooled along for
a year or two putting in new steps they finally lengthened out the draft tubes.
Here was a good chance for a mill, good water, plenty of money, and every-
thing necessary but it was not a success. The Davises of Neenah bought it and
rebuilt the whole plant.
"When I arrived in the Eau Claire mill things were not in such good shape.
Drainers were all filled with rags that were not cooked. The half stuff was full
of colored threads which could not he bleached out so it made specks in the
paper; the color was off, and the wood pulp showed slivers which made the
sheet rough. We got the rags cooked by putting a padlock on the steam valve
of the rotary. They fired with wet green slabs and when the steam went down
the firemen would shut off the rotary to save shutting down the paper machine.
There was nothing in Eau Claire for me hut trouble.
"I jumped from there to Rockland, Delware. Went to work for William
Luke in the Rockland mill, Jessup and More Paper Company. This was October,
1886. I was thirty years old. I stayed with Mr. Luke for four years and learned
many things from him, how to make stuff on time and a lot about coloring paper.
This was an up-to-date concern; everything in good running order and the dis-
cipline in the mill was perfect. In March, 1890 we moved to Appleton, Wisconsin,
to work for the Fox River Paper Company. The Lincoln Mill had just been
finished. We started on all rag bond, fine, and superfine. It ran the first seven
years without a jordan. In all those years we dragged along with ice and low
water. The power never was sufficient. From 1890 to 1915 it was h?l, one long
nightmare, when I look back at it all. I worked from one job to another and
when I quit in 1920 I was honored with the title of assistant superintendent.
Ernest Timm was my boss. I was sixty-four years old.
"I don't think paper making has been much of a trade since the jordan and
sulphite pulp came into use; nor is the paper the same. New standards are
being established by young men coming into all branches of the production and
selling departments of the game, making for many radical changes. But who
cares? Who knows the difference?"
SUPERIOR FACTS 11
across the street. I got a lot of experience here for John Luke was a first class
paper maker.
"I left Dayton and went to work for the Miamisburg Paper Company at
Miamisburg. Boss Hughes, a Scotch-Irish boy, was superintendent. One day
he told me to go out and help fight ice on the racks, and I told him to go to
a warmer place. That was in February, 1881; I bad been there since December,
1880. There I met Cuningham, Johnson, and other old timers from the other
mill, the Ohio Paper Mill. I did not get along very well with my boss so I left
the Miami Valley and went to South Bend, Indiana.
"I found the South Bend mill more modern, three machines, all water power,
but no Jordans yet in my experience. Before I left South Bend they had in-
stalled a Brightman refining engine. It was cone shaped about four feet long
and three feet across at the big end and tapered to about eighteen inches at the
small end. It was failure; no more of that type were built as far as I know.
The first time they shut down after I went there was January 20, 1883. John
Bolton and I went to the Franklin Paper Company at Franklin, Ohio. We
remained there till May, 1883. The South Bend Company reorganized and sent
for us so we went back. They got a superintendent from Ohio to run the mill
in mid-summer. He cut every man's pay on September 1, 1883. I quit along
with every other paper maker in the mill and went to the new mill at Eau Claire,
Wisconsin, which had been promoted by the same William Beach who built the
South Bend Mill.
"Eau Claire was at that time a lumber town with eight large saw mills. The
paper mill was on the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company's dam. They had
one seventy-six inch Fourdrinier machine, two six hundred-pound beaters,
washers, Jordan, and four Datvon wood grinders. They made print from rag
and ground wood. There was a surplus of water power at all times; the best
power I ever worked on. I went there as a beaterman, then they put me in
the rag room as foreman. Ted Pope became manager and Elmer Pope foreman.
The mill was a wooden shell stuck up on the bluffs so near the dam that they
tapped the dam with the forehay within twenty feet. We were never bothered
with ice. The water wheels were set too high and when water went down, the
steps would burn out. That was how Ted Pope lost his big toe, going after
the men when they were putting in new steps. When they had fooled along for
a year or two putting in new steps they finally lengthened out the draft tubes.
Here was a good chance for a mill, good water, plenty of money, and every-
thing necessary but it was not a success. The Davises of Neenah bought it and
rebuilt the whole plant.
"When I arrived in the Eau Claire mill things were not in such good shape.
Drainers were all filled with rags that were not cooked. The half stuff was full
of colored threads which could not he bleached out so it made specks in the
paper; the color was off, and the wood pulp showed slivers which made the
sheet rough. We got the rags cooked by putting a padlock on the steam valve
of the rotary. They fired with wet green slabs and when the steam went down
the firemen would shut off the rotary to save shutting down the paper machine.
There was nothing in Eau Claire for me hut trouble.
"I jumped from there to Rockland, Delware. Went to work for William
Luke in the Rockland mill, Jessup and More Paper Company. This was October,
1886. I was thirty years old. I stayed with Mr. Luke for four years and learned
many things from him, how to make stuff on time and a lot about coloring paper.
This was an up-to-date concern; everything in good running order and the dis-
cipline in the mill was perfect. In March, 1890 we moved to Appleton, Wisconsin,
to work for the Fox River Paper Company. The Lincoln Mill had just been
finished. We started on all rag bond, fine, and superfine. It ran the first seven
years without a jordan. In all those years we dragged along with ice and low
water. The power never was sufficient. From 1890 to 1915 it was h?l, one long
nightmare, when I look back at it all. I worked from one job to another and
when I quit in 1920 I was honored with the title of assistant superintendent.
Ernest Timm was my boss. I was sixty-four years old.
"I don't think paper making has been much of a trade since the jordan and
sulphite pulp came into use; nor is the paper the same. New standards are
being established by young men coming into all branches of the production and
selling departments of the game, making for many radical changes. But who
cares? Who knows the difference?"
Title
Superior facts (p. 12)
Description
[page 12]
[corresponds to back cover of Superior Facts booklet]
SUPERIOR
ROSIN [SUPERIOR CHEMICALS TRADEMARK] SIZE
CHEMICALS and SERVICE
Twenty-three Superior Plants with Ocean Transport, Railroad,
Rolling stock, and 200,000 Acres Rosin Producing Forests
The Most Extensive Organization of its Kind in the World Pro-
ducing, Distributing and Servicing Chemical Products
for the Pulp, Paper and Coating Trades
Paper Makers Chemical Corporation
Easton, Pa. Kalamazoo, Mich. Holyoke, Mass.
Savannah, Ga. Portland, Ore. Atlanta, Ga.
Albany, N. Y. Milwaukee, Wis. Marrero, La.
Carthage, N. Y. Jacksonville, Fla. Stoneham, Mass.
Lockport, N. Y. Pensacola, Fla. Boston, Mass.
PAPER MAKERS CHEMICALS, LTD.
Erith, Kent, and St. Austell, Cornwall, England
VERA CHEMICAL CO. OF CANADA, LTD.
Freeman, Ontario
SUPERIOR PINE PRODUCTS CO.
Forest Headquarters, Fargo, Ga.
PAPER MAKERS IMPORTING CO.
Easton, Pa. St. Austell, Cornwall, England
GEORGIA-LOUISIANA CORP.
East Point, Ga. Marrero, La.
C. K. WILLIAMS & CO.
Easton, Pa. Emeryville, Cal. Malaga, Spain
GEO. S. MEPHAM & CO.
East St. Louis, Ill.
ANCHOR CHINA CLAY CO., LTD. A. S. H., LTD.
Fal Valley, Anchor and Kerron, Cornwall St. Austell, Cornwall, England
MELANGOOSE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD.
St. Austell, Cornwall, England
CENTRAL TREIVESCOE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD.
St. Austell, Cornwall, England
SUPERIOR TRADING & TRANSPORTATION COMPANY
Boston, Mass.
"There is a SUPERIOR PLANT Near You"
PRINTED IN U. S. A.
[corresponds to back cover of Superior Facts booklet]
SUPERIOR
ROSIN [SUPERIOR CHEMICALS TRADEMARK] SIZE
CHEMICALS and SERVICE
Twenty-three Superior Plants with Ocean Transport, Railroad,
Rolling stock, and 200,000 Acres Rosin Producing Forests
The Most Extensive Organization of its Kind in the World Pro-
ducing, Distributing and Servicing Chemical Products
for the Pulp, Paper and Coating Trades
Paper Makers Chemical Corporation
Easton, Pa. Kalamazoo, Mich. Holyoke, Mass.
Savannah, Ga. Portland, Ore. Atlanta, Ga.
Albany, N. Y. Milwaukee, Wis. Marrero, La.
Carthage, N. Y. Jacksonville, Fla. Stoneham, Mass.
Lockport, N. Y. Pensacola, Fla. Boston, Mass.
PAPER MAKERS CHEMICALS, LTD.
Erith, Kent, and St. Austell, Cornwall, England
VERA CHEMICAL CO. OF CANADA, LTD.
Freeman, Ontario
SUPERIOR PINE PRODUCTS CO.
Forest Headquarters, Fargo, Ga.
PAPER MAKERS IMPORTING CO.
Easton, Pa. St. Austell, Cornwall, England
GEORGIA-LOUISIANA CORP.
East Point, Ga. Marrero, La.
C. K. WILLIAMS & CO.
Easton, Pa. Emeryville, Cal. Malaga, Spain
GEO. S. MEPHAM & CO.
East St. Louis, Ill.
ANCHOR CHINA CLAY CO., LTD. A. S. H., LTD.
Fal Valley, Anchor and Kerron, Cornwall St. Austell, Cornwall, England
MELANGOOSE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD.
St. Austell, Cornwall, England
CENTRAL TREIVESCOE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD.
St. Austell, Cornwall, England
SUPERIOR TRADING & TRANSPORTATION COMPANY
Boston, Mass.
"There is a SUPERIOR PLANT Near You"
PRINTED IN U. S. A.
Dublin Core
Title
Superior Facts
Subject
Buildings--Historic--Village of Stratford--Delaware County--Ohio
Mills--Paper making--Village of Stratford--Ohio
Village of Stratford--History--Delaware County--Ohio
Mills--Paper making--Village of Stratford--Ohio
Village of Stratford--History--Delaware County--Ohio
Description
The September 1930 issue of Superior Facts (vol. 4 no. 3) containing a history of paper making in Delaware County, Ohio. Specific focus is on the paper mills in the Village of Stratford. This item is held by the Delaware County District Library.
Creator
Ralph M. Snell, Editor
Publisher
Superior Facts (vol. 4 no. 3)
Date
1930
Rights
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Format
Newspaper
Language
English
Type
Still Image
Text
Text
Identifier
22221000
Collection
Citation
Ralph M. Snell, Editor, “Superior Facts,” Delaware County Memory, accessed April 28, 2024, http://66.213.124.233/items/show/164.